Biker Gangs the Outlaws Mc free essay sample

The Outlaws MC: â€Å"God forgives, Outlaws Don’t† is the motto for one of America’s oldest and more notorious biker clubs, the Outlaws. The gang began it root in Matilda’s Bar on Route 66 in McCook, ILL in 1935. Since the start of the club chapters or local gang have spread widely across the United Stated and have established themselves in other countries such as Australia, Europe and South America. History: The Outlaws first began in 1935 prior to World War Two in McCook, Illinois just outside of Chicago. The club managed to stay intact during the war but the clubs activities were very limited. In the 1950’s the club grew immensely in size and with new members coming from all over the Chicago area the Outlaws moved from the small town of McCook and re-established themselves in Chicago. With the new change of location the Outlaws also changes their name from the McCook Outlaws to the Chicago Outlaws as well as updating their logo. We will write a custom essay sample on Biker Gangs: the Outlaws Mc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The original sign of an Outlaw was a winged motorcycle this was replaced with a small skull. But after the 1954 movie â€Å"The Wild One† starring Marlon Brando the club would enlarge the skull and add a set of crossed pistons. In 1960 the A. M. A. or American Motorcycle Association, which supervises all official races in the United States banned the word outlaws from all race clothing. Then on the first of January in 1965 the American Outlaws Association (A. O. A. ) was born along with the first true 1%ers motorcycle club. These 1%ers differed from the rest of Americas motor cycle riders, the 99% who carry respectable careers and obey the law. The Outlaws believed in acting a pirates and mafia members. Take what you want and do whatever you have to too get it. ( outlawsmc) Becoming a member: Outlaw members must be male, at least 21 years old and own an American-made motorcycle 750cc’s or above. You must also be Caucasian in United States to be accepted as a member. Prospective members are first considered â€Å"hang-around† or associate members. Once becoming a potential member you become a prospect. Finally in as much as 2 years time a patch member. Members may be asked to perform a certain number of tasks to prove their loyalty to the club. A full patch member is entitled to wear a leather or denim vest bearing the Outlaws emblem or â€Å"colors. † These vests would be ecorated with the clubs logo, a skull and crossed pistons named Charlie that is always outlined in red and worn on the back of the jacket. A triangle shape patch would also be worn on the front left shoulder with the letters A. O. A surrounding a hand with the middle finger extended. Before 2000 a swastika would appear on the back side of the hand. Full patch membe rs are also given the right to attend so called church meetings, while prospects and â€Å"old ladies† would wait outside. The female members wear the traditional OMG or Outlaws Motorcycle Gang back patch with â€Å"Property of† on the top side rocker and the owners name on the lower rocker. The attitude of the Outlaws is once a member always a member. Currently there are over 1,700 members serving under the Outlaws MC today. (NDIC) Structure: The Outlaws MC is a very organized and disciplined organization. They used a basic military style format. The lowers level of each chapter consists of hang around members, chapter probates or prospects and chapter members or full patch members. These members are the henchmen and workers of the club. Moving up in the chain of command each chapter has a chapter president who is over seen directly by the regional president. The regional president ensures each chapter keeps as much power in that state as possible. After the regional president there is a national president. The national president oversees each countries regional president. On the top of the chain stand the international president. He is the lord of the biker gang. The most known world leader of the A. O. A. was Harry Joseph Bowman. (NCIC) Harry Joseph Bowman Harry â€Å"Taco† Bowman began his career with the Outlaws serving as the regional president and national vise-president. Later in 1984 Bowman became the international president and in control of over 30 chapter in the United States and 20 chapter in four other countries. He served as the international president for 13 years until 1997. While under Harry Bowman a war began to brew across the country between rival motorcycle gangs. While the Outlaws may have been allied with other groups like the Banditos and Southwestern motorcycle gangs, hatred formed around the Hells Angels, Pagans and Warlocks. The Outlaws would display slogans such as â€Å"AHAMD† or â€Å"All Hell’s Angels Must Die† and â€Å"ADIOS† or Angels Die in Outlaws States. † The ar broke out in 1990 when Bowman ordered Outlaws prospect, Alex â€Å"Dirt† Ankerich to kill Warlock member Raymond Chaffin. Chaffin was found in his garage with 4 shots to the head. In September of 1994 Michael Quale a member of the Hells Angels was murdered during an altercation with members of the Outlaws. At the funeral, a photographer captured a photo of members of the Hells Angel’s hugging members of the Fifth Chapter Motorcycle Club. The FCMC was a family oriented club made up of men and women who were recovering from substance abuse problems, who were neutral and maintained good standing with all clubs. Bowman saw this as a sign of disrespect and ordered the beating and near death of 15 member of the FCMC. The Outlaws used the slogan â€Å"Snitches are a dying breed†, so in 1994 when Bowman caught wind of one of their own had been talking to the police he ordered the murder of Donald Fogg. Fogg was located by authorities in a field with a single shot to the head. Besides murder Bowman was involved in kidnapping, the distribution of illegal drug and many other criminal activities. In 1997 Harry â€Å"Taco† Bowman became a fugitive of the FBI’s top ten most wanted list and was finally captured in 1999 while visiting family in Michigan. Bowman’s indictment included ten counts. Four counts allege violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (â€Å"RICO†). When in trial the jury found Bowman was guilty on eight counts and thirteen racketeering acts. Bowman was sentenced to life in prison. (USvB) Criminal Activity: The Outlaw’s MC has been involved in many different criminal activities. These include violent acts, drug trafficking, kidnapping, and illegal gambling. On March 17, 2009 22 members of the Outlaws, one being a corrections officer were arrested for running a 3. 6 million dollar cocaine ring in Pennsylvania.

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Essays

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Essays Rabindranath Tagore Essay Paper Rabindranath Tagore Essay Paper Rabindranath Tagore ] ( 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941 ) . sobriquet Gurudev. was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region’s literature and music. Writer of Gitanjali and its â€Å"profoundly sensitive. fresh and beautiful verse† . he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In interlingual rendition his poesy was viewed as religious and erratic ; his apparently hypnotic personality. fluxing hair. and other-worldly frock earned him a prophet-like repute in the West. His â€Å"elegant prose and charming poetry† remain mostly unknown outside Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and poetry signifiers and the usage of conversational linguistic communication into Bengali literature. thereby liberating it from traditional theoretical accounts based on classical Sanskrit. He was extremely influential in presenting the best of Indian civilization to the West and frailty versa. and he is by and large regarded as the outstanding origi native creative person of modern India. [ 5 ] A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta. Tagore wrote poesy as an eight-year-old. [ 10 ] At age 16. he released his first significant verse forms under the anonym Bhanusi?ha ( â€Å"Sun Lion† ) . which were seized upon by literary governments as long-lost classics. He graduated to his first short narratives and dramas- and the auspices of his birth name- by 1877. As a humanist. universalist internationalist. and blatant anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independency from Britain. As an advocate of the Bengal Renaissance. he advanced a huge canon that comprised pictures. studies and scribbles. 100s of texts. and some two thousand vocals ; his bequest endures besides in the establishment he founded. Visva-Bharati University. Tagore modernized Bengali art by rejecting stiff classical signifiers and defying lingual stenosiss. His novels. narratives. vocals. dance-dramas. and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali ( Song Offerings ) . Gora ( Fair-Faced ) . and Ghare-Baire ( The Home and the World ) are his best-known plants. and his poetry. short narratives. and novels were acclaimed- or panned- for their lyricality. colloquialism. naturalism. and unnatural contemplation. His composings were chosen by two states as national anthems: the Republic of India’s Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh’s Amar Shonar Bangla. The composer of Sri Lanka’s national anthem: Sri Lanka Matha was a pupil of Tagore. and the vocal is inspired by Tagore’s manner.

Worldwide View on the Death Penalty Research Paper

Worldwide View on the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Moreover, criminal activities that may result in a death penalty are referred to capital offences or capital crimes. The phrase capital stems from a Latin word meaning execution that is undertaken through beheading (Hood 8). In previous times, capital punishment has been put into practice by a large number of societies. Presently, 58 countries aggressively put it into practice, and 97 nations have abolished it. The remaining nations have not employed death penalty for almost 10 years or only practice it in isolated occasions, for example, during war time. In addition, the death penalty is a subject of dynamic controversy in a number of states and countries, and opinions may differ within a sole cultural religion or political ideology. Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union proscribes the employment of capital punishment. Presently, Amnesty International deems a large number of countries as abolitionist. In 2007, 2008, and 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted non-binding declarations requiring a global moratorium on executions, with an aim to ultimate abolition. Even though numerous countries have abolished the death penalty, more than 60% of the population of the world resides in nations where executions occur, for example, the United States of America, China, and Iran. Also, the United States of America and China voted against the resolutions of the General Assembly (Hood 54). This paper will analyze the worldwide view on the death penalty while looking at the trends that have affected obliteration of the death sentence in states that have abolished it, the movement towards global abolition of the death penalty, some of the major countries who practice the death penalty, trends between pro death penalty countries. It will also analyze the potential of abolition in these countries, the role of international organizations in the search for a worldwide abolition, and the differences that might exist in public opinion reg arding the death penalty around the world. The global death penalty trends are obviously in the direction of abolition. The practice of the death penalty globally has continued to reduce in size, and use of the death penalty has also been gradually more restrained in international law. Since 1990, approximately 3 nations have abolished the death penalty, and currently, 141 countries and almost two-thirds of the globe have abolished the death penalty or have terminated capital punishment in practice or law (Mandery 36). The Hungarian Constitutional Court asserted that the death penalty abuses human dignity and the inherent right to life as highlighted in article 54 of the constitution, on October 24th, 1990. This had the impact of abolishing the death penalty for all criminal activities in the country. The South African Constitutional Court affirmed the death penalty for murder as illustrated by the laws to be contrary with the exclusion of punishment, cruel, degrading or inhuman tre atment, or punishment under the nation’s acting constitution, on 6th June 1995. On 9th December 1998 the Republic of Lithuania’s Constitutional Court judged the death penalty for murder in the Criminal Code conflicts with the Constitution on protecting the right to life. The Ukrainian Constitutional Court asserted that the death penalty was not constitutional and the laws permitting it invalid on 29th December 1999. The constitution prohibits torture and inhuman behavior that abuses human dignity. On 11th November 1999 the Republic of Albania’s Constitutional Court declared the death penalty in peace time as conflicting with the constitution, which gives the

Reaction paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reaction paper - Assignment Example However, Frances comes to the conclusion that this translates into Michael wanting to leave her, either now, or later on. In the end, forcing him to say that he is not sure whether he will always stay with her always and not willing to discuss it further, Frances gets up to call their friends to go out with them to the country. Pam Houston’s How to Talk to a Hunter is about a woman who falls in love with a man who is not the monogamous kind. Written in a way that makes one feel a part of the narrative, Houston relates how the woman feels insecure in the relationship while trying to find deeper meanings in the words of her lover, the hunter. He is a man who lives alone and who has many excuses not to commit or be monogamous, as Houston puts it. The woman confers with her best friends, male and female, both of them giving her conflicting advice as to how to go about her relationship. Interestingly enough, she ignores their advice and tries to get the man to commit to her. Till the end, it is not clear whether she is successful in her attempts or not, however, this much is clear that she is in love with a man who is involved with other women simultaneously and who, perhaps, does love her in his own

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Interview - Essay Example I an interview , I listed some questions that I interested to know the answers , I talked to my sister on Face Time because they are at home in my country, the interview was conducted on 12 Feb to 14 Feb 2015 , it took 3 days, each day we spent almost one hour and a half. We felt comfortable and interested while asking and answering the questions. When asked Mashel (my sister) about what her favorite plant is and why, she said that Nigeria Sativa is her favorite plant. My sister’s name is Mashel, she is a student in Taiba university in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. She is studying food sciences, she is in her second year of university .she decided to study this major because she is interested in knowing the food components, food installation, and how healthy food is prepared. My mother is a housewife, she has four daughters and one son and she is interested in cooking new and different dishes for the family. Unfortunately, she could not complete her bachelors because of her children. She did not have enough time to take care of her children. She spends most of her time to take care of her children and house. When asked about the plant mostly used for medicinal purposes in my family, she said that Nigeria Sativa considers one of the most important plants use for medicine in our family. She added that Nigeria Sativa is grasses grow at annual vegetarian in the Mediterranean region. Also, it grows in Africa, Asia, and Arabian Peninsula. Nigeria Sativa is short stature plant; belong to fennel and anise family. When asked her whether she had used Nigeria Sativa for medicine, she said, â€Å"actually Nigeria Sativa considers as a key for all diseases, usually in the morning I take Nigeria Sativa with glass of orange juice, of with seven dates, that helps me to be move active, and reduces Nervous tension. In addition, sometimes helps when I have trouble sleeping in the night, it helps to relax

The arc welding of mild steel

The arc welding of mild steel Introduction The microstructure of a material is significant when it comes to the properties and characteristics of a particular material. It would be perfect if the properties and characteristics, which are related to the microstructure, of the parent metal, heat affected zone and the weld metal is the same. However the probability of occurrence of such a situation is very less since the parent metals are used in the wrought form and the weld metals are used in the cast form. Wrought materials got superior strength, ductility and toughness when it is weighed against the materials in the cast form. Even then the weld metal properties draws near the properties of the wrought material, since it is a minuscule casting which is rapidly cooled. This situation is particularly related with the ferrous materials, which includes mild steel also (Houldcroft and John, 1988). The report holds the information regarding the development of microstructure during the arc welding of mild steel plate, changes which occur in the heat affected zone and the change in the structure of the steel when the carbon equivalent of the steel was increased. Mild steel Steel with a low carbon content of 0.25% is known as mild steel. Mild steel is easy to weld and fabricate because of its low carbon content since it would not get harden by heat treatment. This leads to the lack of hardened zones in the heat affected zones and welds, even though there is quick cooling. As the carbon content increases, the ease in welding reduces because of the quenching action (Davies, 1993). Welding Welding is primarily classified into two welding methods and they are (1) Plastic welding and (2) Fusion welding. It can be further fragmented into eight divisions on the basis of its specific processes and they are (1) Cold welding, (2) Thermit Welding, (3) Gas welding, (4) Resistance welding, (5) Arc welding, (6) Braze welding, (7) Forge welding, (8) Induction welding. The welding processes such as Cold welding, Pressure welding, Resistance welding and Forge welding comes under the Plastic welding division whereas the welding processes such as Gas welding, Thermit welding, Induction welding and Arc welding belongs to the Fusion welding processes (Clark, 1962). Arc welding The electrode material and shielding technique are the basis of classification of Arc welding processes. In mass production, the automatic welding technique is very important and the Arc welding technique is well adapted to it. Added on to this, Arc welding technique imposes a lot of flexibility to the joining of both thin and heavy sections of a material. Another trait of Arc welding process is that the heat application in this particular welding process is highly concentrated when compared to other welding processes (Clark, 1962). Microstructure of weld metal The microstructure of the weld metal is primarily dependent upon the alloy content of the carbon steel. Whereas in carbon, carbon manganese and micro-alloyed steel, the weld metal microstructure is mainly affected by the welding procedure and composition of the weld. According to Lancaster, 1999, the microstructure of Carbon-Manganese alloy steel is affected by the aspects such as cooling rate, composition, plastic strain and the presence of non-metallic nuclei. Figure 2.1 shows the effect of cooling rate and composition on structures produced in the weld. The above details show that the steel containing less than 0.30% C will have similar microstructures after the welding process. During the Arc welding of mild steel a number of discrete structural zones, such as unaffected, transition, refined, coarsened, fusion and deposited metal zones are formed. These zones are shown in the diagram and it is compared with the relevant section of the iron-iron carbide diagram. Many of these zones will not be having discrete line of demarcation and they appear to be merged together (Clark, 1962). Unaffected zone In the unaffected zone, the parent mild steel is not heated to an adequate amount to reach the critical range. Therefore, the structure is unchanged and the unaffected zone represents the archetypal grain structure of the parent mild steel. The figure shows the microstructure of the unaffected zone of mild steel. It consists of a typical combination of ferrite and pearlite (Clark, 1962). Transition zone Next to the unaffected zone, there exists a region where there is a temperature range, between the A1 and A3 transformation temperatures, in which a limited allotropic recrystallization takes place and this particular zone is known as the transitional zone. The transition zone has a microstructure of both ferrite and pearlite. But the size of the pearlite region will be different from that in the unaffected zone. The pearlite region will be much finer which is due to the heating of the mild steel to the critical range and due to the cooling after the heating process. During the heating process, the pearlite will be transformed into austenite and then transformed into finer pearlite grains on cooling (Clark, 1962). Refined zone After the transition zone, comes the refined zone. In this zone, the temperature is heated just above the A3 temperature and the finest grain structure exists in this region as a result of the extensive grain refinement. The figure shows the microstructure of the refined zone of the mild steel. The microstructure consists of much finer structures of pearlite and ferrite. These structures are formed from the austenite which existed at a temperature just above the upper critical temperature (Clark, 1962). Coarsened zone The region next to the refined region is known as the coarsened zone. In this zone, the temperature is higher than the A3 temperature and the grain structure will be coarsened. When it comes to the coarsened zone, the microstructure will be dominated by pearlite grains and ferrite will be of smaller grain. Due to the prevailed rate of cooling, the pearlite will show a higher rate of finer grains than that existed in the original pearlite areas, when it is magnified (Clark, 1962). Fusion zone The actual melting of the parent metal takes place when the temperature is higher than the solidus and the zone in which this takes place is known as the fusion zone. In the fusion zone, the microstructure will be of a very coarse structure. This type of structure is common in mild steel where the particular structure is formed from the large austenite grains when the cooling rate is of a medium pace. The following figure shows the microstructure in the fusion zone (Clark, 1962). Deposited metal zone The deposited metal zone is a zone along with the fusion zone where there is a coarse grain structure and it happens when a filler metal is added to the weld. The structure of deposited metal zone is shown in the figure. As you can see in the figure, the microstructure consists of columnar structure of ferrite and pearlite (Clark, 1962). Heat affected zone The possibility of performing a welding process without building up a thermal gradient in the parent metal is almost negligible. The temperature and the speed of the welding process is very influential in deciding the spread of heat into the parent metal. The thermal gradient will get compressed by the high power welding at high speed (Houldcroft and John, 1988). The schematic sketch of a weld, heat affected zone and relevant portion of the iron-carbide phase diagram is shown in the figure 3.1. The base metal is heated up to a peak temperature and it varies along with the distance from the fusion line. If the lower critical temperature, A1, was surpassed by the peak temperature, then there will be a transformation from ferrite to austenite. This transformation will be complete and an austenitic microstructure is formed when the temperature goes beyond the upper critical temperature, A3. The ferrite structure is stable at room temperature and has bcc crystal structure whereas the austenite structure is stable at high temperature and has fcc crystal structure (Raj et al, 2006). The heat affected zone of an arc weld in steel is classified into three regions, such as supercritical, intercritical and subcritical regions, from a metallurgical perspective (Lancaster, 1999). The supercritical zone The supercritical zone can be classified into the grain growth region and the grain refined region. Coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) is the term which is used to refer to the region of heat affected zone where extensive growth of austenite grains takes place when the temperature goes beyond the temperature of 1300 degree Celsius. The region next to the CGHAZ, which is at a temperature range of 900 to 1200 degree Celsius, is known as the Fine grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ). In this region of the steel, the austenite grain size remains small (Raj et al, 2006). The intercritical zone The intercritical region is narrow when compared to other zones and partial transformation takes place in this zone. The region of HAZ, which is having a temperature range in between the critical temperatures A1 and A3 is referred as Inter critical heat affected zone (ICHAZ) (Raj et al, 2006). The subcritical zone In the subcritical zone, not much observable alteration in the microstructure will be there except the occurrence of a small region of spheroidization, which is difficult to detect. The tempered zone and unaffected base material comes under this zone (Raj et al, 2006). The microstructures such as ferrite and other metastable phases are formed during the cooling cycle of a welding process, from an austenite microstructure which was formed at high temperatures. For welds produced with adequate pre-heat or for high heat input welding, the cooling rate will be less and this leads to the formation of a mixture of ferrite and carbides whereas in a high cooling rate scenario, microstructures such as bainite or martensite are formed from austenite. The formation of bainite and martensite is also affected by the amount of carbon content and alloying elements. This particular trait of steel to form a hard microstructure such as bainite or martensite from austenite phase when cooled at high rate is generally referred to as hardenability and this increases with the austenite grain size and alloy content of the steel. Therefore in the case of mild steel, the microstructure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is of carbide and ferrite after performing an arc welding even if it is performed without any preheating (Raj et al, 2006). The effect in the increase of carbon-equivalent of steel The carbon equivalent plays an important role in deciding the microstructure of the steel. Along with this, the cooling rate during the welding process too plays a decisive role in this regard. The probability of formation of martensite or bainite in high carbon equivalent steels is high and in order to avoid that situation, use of distinctive techniques, such as preheating and post-heating are required (Clark, 1962). Carbon equivalent calculation In order to discuss about the effect of carbon equivalent in deciding the microstructure of mild steel during the arc welding process, first we have to discuss the formula which is used to calculate the carbon equivalent of steel. The carbon equivalent can be calculated by the formula. CE= C% + (Mn%)/6 + (Cr%+Mo%+V%)/5 + (Ni%+Cu%)/15 (Davies, 1993). This formula is relevant to the plain carbon and carbon manganese steel but it is not applicable to micro-alloyed high strength low-alloy steel or low alloy Cr-Mo type. Due to Ito and Bessyo, the formula used by Japanese Welding Engineering Society is Pcm= C + Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B (Lancaster, 1999). As mentioned in the previous sections, the formation of hard microstructures such as bainite and martensite is dependent upon the cooling rate as well as the carbon equivalent in the steel. During the welding process of mild steel, the heat will be absorbed faster by the steel and creates a sudden fall of temperature (Raj et al, 2006). Here, steels with three different carbon contents are compared with the help of an Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium diagram. The steel with less than 0.83 percent carbon content is known as hypo-eutectoid steels, steel with 0.83 percent carbon content is known as eutectoid steel and steel with more than 0.83 percent carbon content is known as hypereutectoid steel (Clark, 1962). Steel with 0.1% carbon content This type of steel belongs to the hypo-eutectoid steel. As you can see from the Iron-Iron carbide diagram, when a 0.1% C steel is cooled at an appropriate rate from 2800 F to room temperature, a mixture of austenite and delta solid solution is formed from the delta solid solution and liquid. On further cooling, grains of austenite are formed from the former followed by formation of ferrite and austenite. By the time the cooling is done till the room temperature, a microstructure of ferrite and pearlite will be formed (Clark, 1962). Steel with 0.8% carbon content This form of steel has a composition which is very near to the composition of eutectoid steel. During the process of cooling of this steel from 2800F, the transformation starts from the molten state into a liquid and austenite form. Then on further cooling, formation of austenite followed by the eutectoid called pearlite will occur (Clark, 1962). Steel with 1.2% carbon content This form of steel belongs to the hypereutectoid steel. During the cooling process of this steel from 2800F, the transformation starts from the molten state of steel into a liquid and austenite form. Then on further cooling, there will be formation of austenite, combination of austenite and cementite, and ends with ferrite and cementite at room temperature (Clark, 1962). Conclusion Microstructure of steel is a very important deciding factor when it comes to its properties and behaviour. It is obvious from this report that the cooling rate during the welding process, composition of weld metal and the type of welding process plays a vital role in the formation of the different form of microstructures in the weld metal. The weldability and hardenability of the steel depends a lot on the carbon content of the steel to be welded. As the carbon content of steel increases, the weldability of that particular steel decreases and its hardenability increases. This proves that the composition of the weld metal plays an imperative role in the characteristics of a welded material. This report illustrates that the weldability of mild steel is quite good and the role of composition of mild steel in achieving so. It also gives you an idea about the various changes that occur to the microstructure of the mild steel during the arc welding process. References Clark, D. and Varney, W. (1962) Physical metallurgy for Engineers. 2nd edition New York: D Van Nostrand Company. Davies, A.C. (1993) The science and practice of welding, vol 2, The practice of welding. 10th edition Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Houldcroft, P. and John, R. (1988) Welding and cutting. 1st edition Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner Limited. Raj, B., Shankar, V. and Bhaduri, A. (2006) Welding Technology for Engineers. 1st edition Oxford: Alpha Science International Limited. Lancaster, J.F (1999) Metallurgy of Welding. 6th edition UK: Abington Publishing.

Teaching Literature Essays -- Literature Education Educating Essays

Teaching Literature My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we *can* suppose. - J.B.S. Haldane, "On Being the Right Size" in the book _Possible Worlds_ (courtesy of The Quotations Page) The inclusion of gay and lesbian authors in high school and college curricula can only help to expose students to things which they will more than likely face in their adult lives. The traditional readings should be read in conjunction with gay and lesbian authors in many schools’ English curricula, simply because most modern students cannot relate to the speech or themes of the traditionally taught works by usually straight British and American writers or by authors who were gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender (GLBT), but their sexual orientation was never mentioned. These students come from varied backgrounds, and thusly should be exposed to works to which they can more appropriately relate. Exploration into the GLBT literature canon brings us to the argument that many GLBT theorists are bringing to that table: â€Å"Should writing be marketed as gay because the author is, or does it have to deal with gay-related themes?† as presented in the article â€Å"Of Genders and Genres.† by Avril McDonald. She poses a good question, one that many high school and college administrators should ask instead of simply ignoring the entire genre of literature. Some authors, such as Langston Hughes and Emily Dickinson, are usually taught without any mention of their sexual orientation, while others, such as Audre Lorde and Alice Walker, who were openly lesbian, have been wholly excluded from the high school curricula and are barely read in many college settings either. Before one can suggest an alternat... ...2004): 151-. Project Muse. Westfield State College, MA. 19 April 2005. Martinez-Aleman, Ana M. â€Å"Multiculturalism and the Mission of Liberal Education.† The Journal of General Education 50.2 (2001): 102-. Project Muse. Westfield State College, MA. 19 April 2005. McDonald, Avril. â€Å"Of Genders and Genres.† Publishers Weekly 241.26 (1994): 25-. Expanded Academic ASAP. Westfield State College, MA. 27 April 2005. Powell, Timothy B. â€Å"All Colors Flow into Rainbows and Nooses: The Struggle to Define Academic Multiculturalism.† Cultural Critique 55 (2003): 152-. Project Muse. Westfield State College, MA. 27 April 2005. Rankin, Susan R. â€Å"Differing Perceptions: How Students of Color and White Students Perceive Campus Climate for Underrepresented Groups.† Journal of College Student Development 46.1 (2005): 43-. Project Muse. Westfield State College, MA. 19 April 2005.

Shakespeare Relevance Today

?English Discussion on Shakespeare „What point is there in studying a dramatist who lived 400 years ago? † Shakespeare is a British dramatist, lyric poet and actor who lived from 1564-1616. Today it’s the 6th of september 2010. Shakespeare died almost 400 years ago. So why should people still keep busy with someone who lived such a long time ago? Why is Shakespeare still studied today? Many pupils would answer: Because teachers love to bore us. How could someone who lived 400 years ago write about anything which is from current interest?I think, even if Shakespeare doesn’t live anymore, he has a certain influence on the present. Weather in his own works (Romeo and Juliet, Midsummer Night’s dream, Hamlet, Macbeth) film adaptions of his works, theatre plays or in our everyday life- Shakespeare is everywhere. Besides Shakespeare is not just any dramatist. He is the dramatist who shaped the English language and whose words are still used today. There are about 1700 words which Shakespeare used first in his works. Most of these words, for example â€Å"critical† or â€Å"bloody† are still used even in our everyday conversations.But it’s not only his words that are still used, there are even whole expressions just like â€Å"There is something in the wind† or â€Å"That’s Greek to me†. By the way Shakespeare is also the most quoted dramatist. Who doesn’t know the quotes â€Å"To be or not to be† (Hamlet) or â€Å"A horse, a horse, a kingdom for a horse†? (Richard III) He is the dramatist whose language and expressions still fascinate people. Especially nowadays, in the century of language decline, Shakespeare’s well-formulated rhymes, seasoned with word games and his words, full of meaning and truth can inspire people.His sonnets are of such a beauty, that it’s a joy to read them. It seems like he didn’t only use the words- he brought them to life, jus t like his characters. When reading the book you can feel with them. His characters are failable, they do things because of reasons and motifs, which are still relevant today, just like love (Romeo and Juliet) or jealousy (Othello) He is the dramatist who wrote about topics which are universal and the dramatist who wrote about both the beauty of life and the ugliness of it.Certain situations which are given in his works could still happen today. Shakespeare’s probably most famous work â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is for example about forbidden love because of hatred between two families. Today there are still reasons just like religion or nationalities why lovers can’t be together. In â€Å"A Midsummer night’s dream† Shakespeare describes the funny side of life that results from misunderstandings.I guess for every one of us there has already been a situation where it seemed like there are really elves who messed everything and left a love chaos. â€Å" The tragedy of Othello† shows us, what people do out of jealousy, and how easy it is to influence people. Shakespeare is the dramatist who understood the human mind very well. He was a connoisseur of human nature. Reading Shakespeare’s works and identifying with his characters can help us to develop a better understanding of human nature and a wider knowledge of the factors which influence human behaviour.Shakespeare was a genius and I think it’s important to motivate pupils to deal with him. There are not many pupils who would do that voluntarily but I think if you fade out the prejudice that the language is too difficult to understand or that teachers just want to bore us with Shakespeare it can be a pleasure to deal with his works. Just as Ben Jonson (british poet, 1572-1637) once said â€Å"He was not of an age, but for all time! † And I guess that’s right.

How to Be Successful in College

How to Be Successful in College Nearly every college student detests cram sessions. Intense, high-stress study sessions can have detrimental effects on both your GPA and your health. And while theres no guaranteed roadmap to success in college, changing your study habits and adjusting your approach to your classes can make a big difference. The following tips are a great place to start. Use Two Notebooks Bring one notebook with you to class, and use it to scratch and scribble down everything you can. It doesn’t need to look neat- it doesn’t even need to be legible. After class (within an hour or so), transfer your notes to your second notebook. Take your time with these notes: highlight key points, mark subject areas your professor emphasized, look up definitions, and record questions for the next lecture. The two-notebook method will help you retain information you might otherwise forget within days. Reviewing all the new material immediately after the lecture will keep it fresh in your mind. Plus, writing things down instead of typing them leads to better retention, according to the Scientific American. Find a Study Buddy   Make friends with someone in your class during the first week of the semester and schedule a regular study session. During your study sessions, review complicated chunks of information and explain them to each other. Think of the process like storytelling- turn your homework into stories, and tell those stories to each other. In addition to making a new friend, you and your study buddy will keep each other accountable all semester long.   Get Enough Sleep The importance of hydration, nutrition, and especially sleep cannot be overstated. Your ability to remember can drop by as much as 40 percent if you haven’t had adequate sleep. Aim to get adequate sleep as many nights as possible, and try to keep the same sleep schedule every night, even on weekends. Know When You Work Best Speaking of a sleep schedule, it’s important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all study schedule. There is plenty of research indicating benefits for both nighttime studying and early morning studying, so you shouldnt feel pressured to maintain an uncomfortable schedule. As long as you are getting enough sleep and keeping up with your commitments, your schedule is up to you. If you work late at night, make sure to give yourself space and time to sleep in every morning (dont sign up for 8 AM classes if you can help it). Not everyone is a morning person, and that is perfectly okay. Try The Pomodoro Method   The Pomodoro Technique is a focusing method that relies on short bursts of intense work and plenty of breaks. To try the technique, set a timer for 25 minutes and work on a single task. When the timer rings, take a five-minute break, then set another 25 minute timer and get back to work. After four 25-minute intervals, take a longer break. You may find that the Pomodoro Method helps you get more done in a shorter period of time without feeling burnt out. Plus, short study breaks are known to improve concentration. Optimize Your Learning Style Figure out your learning style, then adapt your study techniques to suit that style. Remember to experiment with a few strategies to find what works best for you. If none of the three primary learning styles feel like a great fit, you might benefit from a study strategy that combines two different styles. Go to Office Hours And not just when you’re struggling. Open lines of communication with your professors early in the semester so that, when questions arise, your professor will know you have a vested interest in the class and the material. Developing strong relationships with faculty will also help you if you are considering applying for scholarships or you need letters of recommendation for graduate school. Bring Back Mario Kart Or, more specifically, integrate the music into your study sessions. Music enhances brain activity, and the video game music is specifically design to stimulate brain activity and keep you focused. The wordless, upbeat songs will keep you motivated without distracting you. Space Out Your Studying Spacing out your studying is beneficial for long term retention of the material. If you review your notes each day for 15 minutes, youll be able to retain what you learn in your classes for the long term. Try not to skip review days, or you risk losing what you have retained (especially if it’s new material). Sweat and Study There is a massive body of research that links exercise with good grades and improved learning and cognitive skills- especially if you exercise first and study second. If you are stuck in a study rut and your don’t have time to hit the gym, go for a quick walk. Fresh air and a change in environment will help you create connections and solve problems. Change Locations If youre struggling to focus in your study space, try studying in different locations. For some learners, a change in location builds stronger connections to the material that aren’t dependent on the location where they were originally learned; as a result, the information is more easily recalled later. Consider a Part-Time Job If you’re having trouble managing your study time, you might think getting a job will only compound the problem. However, research suggests that students who work part-time jobs while in school tend to get better grades because the experience improves time management skills.

Complete Guide Job Shadowing for High School Students

Complete Guide Job Shadowing for High School Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you thinking about future careers and wondering what different jobs are like?There are many job shadowing opportunities for high school students, and they're a great way to observe different jobs and help you decide which careers would be best for you. Read this guide to learn about job shadowing for high school students, how you can find great job shadowing opportunities, and tips for making the most of your job shadow experience. What Is Job Shadowing? Job shadowing is an experience where you spend a day or a few days observing a professional on the job.While job shadowing, you can easily learn about different jobs and help decide which careers you would enjoy the most. You can follow a doctor making her rounds in the hospital, observe a teacher conducting class, look over building plans with an architect, or something completely different, depending on who you shadow. Job shadowing is popular withstudents because it introduces them to different careers and helps them decide which jobs would be the best fit for them.Job shadowing for high school students is especially helpful because knowing which jobs you enjoy can help you decide on a major when you begin applying to colleges. What Will You Do While Job Shadowing? What you do while job shadowing depends heavily on where your shadow takes place. In general, job shadowing involves following one worker, often called a mentor, as they go about their work day. A job shadow mostly involves listening and observing, but they often give you the chance to perform some simple job duties. For example, if you shadow a doctor at a hospital, you may be able to discuss different diseases and methods of treatment, be sent to pick up x-rays, and watch doctors interact with patients, but you won't be able to do things that require special training, such as draw blood or examine a patient yourself. You will get to see what your mentor's schedule is like, how much of their time they spend on different duties, who they talk to during the day, and what knowledge and skills they use. You may focus specifically on one job or observe multiple jobs within a company.You will also usually have the chance to speak to other workers and ask them questions about their jobs and career paths. A job shadow usually lasts one day, but there are cases when they can last several days to give you a more in-depth look at a certain career or company. To set up a job shadow, you just need to find a company who is willing to host you and available when you are. This means thatthey can take place at any time of the year. However, because most people work Monday to Friday, it is often easier to schedule a job shadow during the summer when you are not in school during those days. You may also be able to find an opportunity over a weekend or on a school holiday, or you may get permission to miss a day of school to attend a job shadow. What Are the Benefits of Job Shadowing? Job shadowing has many benefits for high school students, and three of the most important are discussed below. Learn About Different Jobs Usually, the biggest benefit of job shadowing is that it lets you directly observe different jobs so you can better understand what different careers entail.Shadowing a job can help you learn if it’s really something you would enjoy. For example, you may have always dreamed of being a journalist, but shadowing one may cause you to realize that you don’t enjoy all the research and editing they have to do. On the other hand, you may find a different job much more interesting than you originally thought it would be. Job shadowing is a great opportunity for high school students because it lets them learn about different jobs in a risk-free way before they choose a major and begin to take college classes. It’s much better to learn which jobs you like and dislike now,rather than wait until after you’ve graduated college to learn that you don’t like any of the careers your major prepared you for. Network With Professionals When you job shadow, you will get the opportunity to speak with professionals in that field.Job shadowing typically involves spending the majority of your time with one person, your mentor, but almost all job shadow experiences also include interacting and speaking with other workers at the company. You can use this opportunity to ask them about their job, what they like about it, what they dislike about it, and what advice they have for a student who wants to go into that career field.Making connections with professionals can also make it easier for you to find a job or an internship in that field down the road because you have already established a relationship with people working there. If you had a great job shadow experience at a place where you'd like to work, try to nurture the relationships you created and keep in touch with the people you met. This can include sending them an e-mail every few months mentioning something you read or learned about that's relevant to their job, meeting them for coffee about once a year to discuss the career field and your goals, or applying for an internship there. There's a long period of time between high school and when you'll begin your job search in college, and keeping up with your relationships will help keep you fresh in their memory, so they are more likely to help you when you're looking for a job. Be Introduced to the Workforce Another benefit of job shadowing is that it lets you experience what having a job and being in the workforce is like.During your job shadow, you can get a better idea of what it’s like to go to work every day, interact with coworkers, and have a boss.This can be useful for students thinking about applying to their first job or internshipbecause it will give them a better idea of what to expect when they begin working. Are There Downsides to Job Shadowing? Job shadowing can provide great experiences and teach you a lot, but if you have a negative experience or a mentor, it can turn you away from a job you had previously been really interested in. If you have a bad job shadow experience, the important thing is to remember that you only spent one day at one place, and that does not represent the entire career by any means. People can have bad days, and people with the same job title can, and often do, have completely different work experiences. If this happens to you, you should try to set up another job shadow, either at a different location but for a similar job, or at the same place but with another mentor. Having a second job shadow can help you determine if it's really the career you dislike, or if it was the specific company or person you shadowed. How Can You Find Job Shadowing Opportunities? So now that you know how beneficial job shadowing for high school students can be, read on to learn how to set up your own. Check With Your School High schools often have connections with various companies who offer job shadowing.Ask your academic adviser or someone at your school’s career office for a list of organizations you can contact.If you aren’t sure where you’d like to do your job shadow, they can talk to you about your career goals and help you choose a place that will fit your interests. Contact Places Where You'd Like to Work If you have a specific place where you may like to work in the future or want to learn more about, you can also contact them directly.Call or e-mail someone from the company’s human resources department (or if they don’t have an HR department, call or e-mail the main contact line). Say that you’re a student interested in learning more about certain careers, and you’d like an opportunity to do a job shadow with someone from the company. List some reasons as to why you chose that particular company. Try Community Boards Your community center or town hall may also offer opportunities for job shadowing. Check community boards or websites for possibilities. If you see interesting companies hiring for workers or interns, you can also contact them to see if they’d be willing to let you job shadow there. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Tips for Job Shadowing The more effort and preparation you put into your job shadow, the more you will get out of it. Follow these tips to have an informative and useful job shadowing experience. Before Your Job Shadow: Do some research on the company so that you’re prepared for when you arrive. Check the company’s website to get this information. Learn basic facts such as what work they do, how many people they employ, and when they were founded. Also, read over the company’s goals and mission statement if they have them to get a better sense of where you’ll be working. If you know who you’ll be shadowing, research their position as well so you have a better idea of what to expect when you shadow. Be prepared to discuss yourself and your career goals. If you’re not sure about your career goals, that’s fine too, just mention you’re still gathering information if you’re asked. Prepare some questions you’d like to ask while shadowing. These questions can be about the job itself, the career field, or advice you’re interested in getting. Sample questions include: What caused you to choose this job? What do you like about this job? What do you dislike about it? What makes a person successful at this job? What classes can I take to help prepare me for a job in this field? What skills are useful for this job? Make sure you know where and when your job shadow will be taking place, and confirm with someone from the company a few days beforehand. During Your Job Shadow: Know how to get to the location and allow extra time to ensure you are not late. Dress appropriately. Unless you will be getting dirty, dress similar to how you would for a job interview. Don’t wear t-shirts, shorts, or flip-flops. Bring a notepad so you can take down notes and things you learn. Keep your phone off during the job shadow and resist the urge to text or check your Facebook messages until you’re back home. Be enthusiastic and participate in each activity suggested. You want to learn as much as possible from this experience. Speak to as many people as you can and ask for their business cards if you're interested in talking with them more. Shake hands and introduce yourself to every person you meet. Remember to be respectful of people's time. While most people you meet will be happy to talk with you, remember that you are at someone's workplace and they need to work as well, so try not to take up too much of any one person's time. After Your Job Shadow: Send thank-you notes to the person or people you shadowed, and mention a few things you learned. Write up a few sentences on your job shadow experience for your own personal use. Describe what you did, what you enjoyed, what you didn’t enjoy, and what you learned. This will be useful information to have in the future when you don’t remember the details of your job shadow as clearly. Store contact information and business cards in a safe place so you can reference them if you need to contact the company again for more information, ask follow-up questions, or if you end up applying for a job there. Key FactsAbout Job Shadowing Job shadowing is a great way to observe specific jobs and help decide which careers you are most interested in. Job shadows are a great opportunity for high school students because they can help you plan your future and decide what to major in at college. During a job shadow, you will observe a typical workday at the company. Your school can help you set up a job shadow, or you can contact companies you’re interested in directly. Beforehand, research the company and career field you’ll be observing so you can ask relevant questions. During your job shadow, make the most of the experience by speaking to as many people and participating in as many activities as you can. What's Next? Thinking about getting a job in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teens and learn how to find yours! Considering doing an internship? Learn how to get an internship as a high schooler, the benefits and drawbacks, andhow to choose the best internship for you. Community service is also a great way to get experience and learn about different jobs. Read our guide to learn what community service is and how it can benefit you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The topic about reading A Thousand Splendid Suns Essay

The topic about reading A Thousand Splendid Suns - Essay Example Miriam becomes an orphan sometimes later in life when she tried to visit her father prompting her mother to commit suicide. She is later forced to marry a widower in Kabul when she goes to stay with her father Jalil. Laila also a character in the story is a beautiful girl and a daughter to the ethnic Tajiks. Her parents pass on when she is still little and at the same time realizes she is expecting Tariq’s child. Laila is adopted by Rasheed and Mariam who afterwards made her his second wife. The thesis of the paper is therefore to show the way in which Laila meets the definition of a heroine because of her courage and the noble purpose she serves in the society. Laila fits the definition of being a heroine because of the courage that she shows in her deeds. Laila gives birth to her second child without using drugs to comfort herself. Contrary to the birth of Aziza her first child, her second experience is something that can be said to be of a courageous person. To date, any woman on the verge of undergoing a caesarian operation needs to be sedated so as to help abate the pain that comes with it. The courageous act of Laila however was when she refused to lose her child and thus accepted to be operated on without an aesthetic. â€Å"Tell me what’s going on! Laila said, she had propped herself up on her elbows. The doctor took a breath, then told Laila that the hospital had no anesthetic. But if we delay, you will lose your baby. Then cut me open, Laila said. She had dropped back on the bed and drew up her knees. Cut me open and give my baby.† (Hosseini pg.174). Another act of courage from Laila was when she was preparing to escape her marriage which had only lasted a few years. One is considered a hero or a heroine if he or she does things which the rest of the people cannot dare to do. Many at times most women in marriages are mistreated by their partners but because of the fear they have they decide not to do anything to change

Sales Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sales Managment - Assignment Example This paper appproves that in accordance with the facts mentioned by Bakosh, it can be said that this author has laid significant amount of focus on multiple other aspects of motivating sales teams rather than just concentrating on the financial incentive type. As per the author, it is an utmost necessity for managers to lay prime importance in terms of effectively understanding basic employee requirements which include factors such as health, safety, security, social recognition, self-esteem and multiple more. In keeping with the author, these factors are mainly responsible for physically as well as mentally motivating the employees and thus helping them to attain desired organisational objectives. This essay makes a conclusion that for undertaking this field visit and questionnaire assignment, the ‘Hubbard Foods Ltd’ was chosen. This company is an Auckland based organisation and is mainly involved in terms of manufacturing breakfast cereals. The objective of this live assignment was to carry out an open ended questionnaire session with the National Sales Manager of the company Mr Daniel O'Brien. The summarised view of the responses to the posed questions is provided hereunder. In accordance to the first question, Mr O'Brien replied that the company’s sales team was pretty strong and effective in terms of handling every situation either favourable or unfavourable. The team has got significant amount of experience about the domestic market and they seem to be highly self-motivated.